Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of China (Revised in 2022)
Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of China (Revised in 2022)
Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of China (Revised in 2022)
Order of the President of the People's Republic of China No. 112
April 20, 2022
The Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of China, which has been revised and adopted at the 34th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth National People's Congress on April 20, 2022, is hereby promulgated and shall become effective from May 1, 2022.
Xi Jinping, President of the People's Republic of China
Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of China (Revised in 2022)
(Adopted at the 19th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on May 15, 1996, and revised at the 34th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth National People's Congress on April 20, 2022)
Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Vocational Education System
Chapter III Implementation of Vocational Education
Chapter IV Vocational Schools and Vocational Training Institutions
Chapter V Teachers and Educatees in Vocational Education
Chapter VI Support for Vocational Education
Chapter VII Legal Liability
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution for the purposes of boosting the high-quality development of vocational education, improving the quality and technical skills of workers, promoting employment and entrepreneurship, turning China into a leading country in education and human resources as well as a country that values skills.
Article 2 For the purposes of this Law, "vocational education" refers to vocational school education, vocational training and the like, which is provided in order to train high-quality technicians and skilled workers and equip educatees with professional ethics, scientific and cultural literacy, expertise, technical skills and other qualities and capacities as required for a certain profession or the career development.
Specialized training provided by state organs and public institutions for their employees shall be governed by separate laws or administrative regulations.
Article 3 Vocational education is a type of education as important as general education. It is a major constituent of the national education system and human resource development, and an important means to train diverse talents, pass on technical skills, and promote employment and entrepreneurship.
The state vigorously pursues the development of vocational education and its reform to enhance its quality and adaptability. The system of vocational education is developed and improved to meet the needs to develop the socialist market economy and achieve social progress and conform to the laws governing the growth of technicians and skilled workers, which will provide strong intellectual and technical support for building a modern socialist country in all aspects.
Article 4 Vocational education shall be pursued under the leadership of the Communist Party of China in accordance with the socialist values and national education policies. Moral education and skills training are equally important, and businesses are involved in the course of vocational education. Vocational education shall be sensitive to market needs and promote employment and shall focus on practical skills and capacity building. It shall also serve the needs of each and every individual according to their specific conditions while increasing accessibility and suitability for all.
The core socialist values shall prevail in the implementation of vocational education. Ideological and political education and the education on professional ethics shall be carried out to celebrate role models and cultivate the spirit of hardworking and craftsmanship. Knowledge shall be imparted to equip students with scientific understanding, cultural literacy, and expertise. Technical skills training and vocational guidance shall be provided for the educatees to enhance their qualities in an all-round way.
Article 5 Citizens shall have the right to receive vocational education in accordance with the law.
Article 6 Vocational education shall be offered in the principle of tiered management with the government conducting overall planning and local authorities assuming main responsibilities. It shall feature guidance from industry organizations, cooperation between schools and businesses, as well as participation of the general public.
Article 7 The people's governments at all levels shall incorporate the development of vocational education into their national economic and social development plans and align it with employment and entrepreneurship promotion, transformation of the growth model, industrial structure adjustment, and technological improvement and upgrading.
Article 8 The State Council shall establish a vocational education work coordination mechanism to coordinate vocational education at the state level.
The education administrative department under the State Council shall be responsible for overall planning, coordination and macro-management of vocational education. The education administrative department, the human resources and social security administrative department and other relevant departments under the State Council shall take charge in their assigned areas of responsibility concerning vocational education in accordance with the mandate from the State Council.
The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall strengthen leadership in vocational education in their respective administrative areas, specify the responsibilities of the people's governments of cities divided into districts and counties in this area, so as to coordinate the development of vocational education, and organize supervision, guidance and assessment.
Relevant departments of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen communication and cooperation to jointly advance vocational education.
Article 9 The state shall encourage the development of multiple levels and forms of vocational education, advance vocational education carried out by diverse entities, and support extensive and equal participation by various sectors of society in vocational education.
The state shall give play to the role of businesses as important education providers, promote their deeper participation in vocational education, and encourage them to offer high-quality vocational education programs.
Departments in charge of relevant industries, people’s organizations such as trade unions and the China Vocational Education Association, industry organizations, enterprises, and public institutions shall, in accordance with the law, fulfill their obligations in vocational education implementation and engage in, support or conduct vocational education.
Article 10 The state shall adopt measures to promote education for skilled workers and technicians, and improve the overall qualities of industrial workers.
The state shall adopt measures to support vocational education oriented towards the rural areas, organize training on farming skills, entrepreneurship and labor skills for people returning to the countryside, and vocational training, so as to train high-quality people for rural revitalization.
The state shall adopt measures to support the development of vocational education in old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, remote areas and underdeveloped areas.
The state shall adopt measures to offer various forms of vocational education to job-transferring, reemployed and unemployed persons and special groups, and support the development of vocational education for people with disabilities.
The state shall guarantee women’s equal right to receive vocational education.
Article 11 In implementing vocational education, education standards or training programs shall be formulated based on job classification, occupational standards, and career development requirements to meet the needs of economic and social development. A certification system shall be in place, which confers academic diploma and other school certificates, training certificates, vocational qualification certificates and vocational skill level certificates.
The state practices a system whereby workers shall receive necessary vocational education prior to employment or job assignment.
Article 12 The state shall adopt measures to improve the social status and treatment of people with advanced technical skills, in an effort to build a society that respects hard work, skills, and creativity.
The state commends and awards organizations and individuals that have made outstanding achievements in promoting vocational education in accordance with relevant provisions.
The second week of May every year shall be recognized as the Vocational Education Week.
Article 13 The state shall encourage international exchanges and cooperation on vocational education, support introduction of high-quality overseas resources for the development of vocational education, encourage vocational education institutions with viable conditions to provide education overseas, and support mutual recognition of vocational education learning results in various forms.
Chapter II Vocational Education System
Article 14 The state puts in place a sound modern vocational education system that meets the needs of economic and social development, engages programs with businesses, puts equal emphasis on both school-based vocational education and vocational training, integrates vocational education with general education, coordinates different levels of vocational education, and serves lifelong learning of all people.
The state shall improve the educational structure, balance educational resources, and advance the coordinated development of vocational education and general education at different stages after the completion of compulsory education based on local conditions.
Article 15 School-based vocational education shall be divided into secondary and higher school-based vocational education.
Secondary school-based vocational education shall be provided by secondary vocational schools (including technical schools) at the level of senior secondary education.
Higher school-based vocational education shall be provided by higher vocational schools and regular higher education institutions at or above the junior college level and the undergraduate education level.
......
Order of the President of the People's Republic of China No. 112
April 20, 2022
The Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of China, which has been revised and adopted at the 34th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth National People's Congress on April 20, 2022, is hereby promulgated and shall become effective from May 1, 2022.
Xi Jinping, President of the People's Republic of China
Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of China (Revised in 2022)
(Adopted at the 19th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on May 15, 1996, and revised at the 34th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth National People's Congress on April 20, 2022)
Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Vocational Education System
Chapter III Implementation of Vocational Education
Chapter IV Vocational Schools and Vocational Training Institutions
Chapter V Teachers and Educatees in Vocational Education
Chapter VI Support for Vocational Education
Chapter VII Legal Liability
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution for the purposes of boosting the high-quality development of vocational education, improving the quality and technical skills of workers, promoting employment and entrepreneurship, turning China into a leading country in education and human resources as well as a country that values skills.
Article 2 For the purposes of this Law, "vocational education" refers to vocational school education, vocational training and the like, which is provided in order to train high-quality technicians and skilled workers and equip educatees with professional ethics, scientific and cultural literacy, expertise, technical skills and other qualities and capacities as required for a certain profession or the career development.
Specialized training provided by state organs and public institutions for their employees shall be governed by separate laws or administrative regulations.
Article 3 Vocational education is a type of education as important as general education. It is a major constituent of the national education system and human resource development, and an important means to train diverse talents, pass on technical skills, and promote employment and entrepreneurship.
The state vigorously pursues the development of vocational education and its reform to enhance its quality and adaptability. The system of vocational education is developed and improved to meet the needs to develop the socialist market economy and achieve social progress and conform to the laws governing the growth of technicians and skilled workers, which will provide strong intellectual and technical support for building a modern socialist country in all aspects.
Article 4 Vocational education shall be pursued under the leadership of the Communist Party of China in accordance with the socialist values and national education policies. Moral education and skills training are equally important, and businesses are involved in the course of vocational education. Vocational education shall be sensitive to market needs and promote employment and shall focus on practical skills and capacity building. It shall also serve the needs of each and every individual according to their specific conditions while increasing accessibility and suitability for all.
The core socialist values shall prevail in the implementation of vocational education. Ideological and political education and the education on professional ethics shall be carried out to celebrate role models and cultivate the spirit of hardworking and craftsmanship. Knowledge shall be imparted to equip students with scientific understanding, cultural literacy, and expertise. Technical skills training and vocational guidance shall be provided for the educatees to enhance their qualities in an all-round way.
Article 5 Citizens shall have the right to receive vocational education in accordance with the law.
Article 6 Vocational education shall be offered in the principle of tiered management with the government conducting overall planning and local authorities assuming main responsibilities. It shall feature guidance from industry organizations, cooperation between schools and businesses, as well as participation of the general public.
Article 7 The people's governments at all levels shall incorporate the development of vocational education into their national economic and social development plans and align it with employment and entrepreneurship promotion, transformation of the growth model, industrial structure adjustment, and technological improvement and upgrading.
Article 8 The State Council shall establish a vocational education work coordination mechanism to coordinate vocational education at the state level.
The education administrative department under the State Council shall be responsible for overall planning, coordination and macro-management of vocational education. The education administrative department, the human resources and social security administrative department and other relevant departments under the State Council shall take charge in their assigned areas of responsibility concerning vocational education in accordance with the mandate from the State Council.
The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall strengthen leadership in vocational education in their respective administrative areas, specify the responsibilities of the people's governments of cities divided into districts and counties in this area, so as to coordinate the development of vocational education, and organize supervision, guidance and assessment.
Relevant departments of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen communication and cooperation to jointly advance vocational education.
Article 9 The state shall encourage the development of multiple levels and forms of vocational education, advance vocational education carried out by diverse entities, and support extensive and equal participation by various sectors of society in vocational education.
The state shall give play to the role of businesses as important education providers, promote their deeper participation in vocational education, and encourage them to offer high-quality vocational education programs.
Departments in charge of relevant industries, people’s organizations such as trade unions and the China Vocational Education Association, industry organizations, enterprises, and public institutions shall, in accordance with the law, fulfill their obligations in vocational education implementation and engage in, support or conduct vocational education.
Article 10 The state shall adopt measures to promote education for skilled workers and technicians, and improve the overall qualities of industrial workers.
The state shall adopt measures to support vocational education oriented towards the rural areas, organize training on farming skills, entrepreneurship and labor skills for people returning to the countryside, and vocational training, so as to train high-quality people for rural revitalization.
The state shall adopt measures to support the development of vocational education in old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, remote areas and underdeveloped areas.
The state shall adopt measures to offer various forms of vocational education to job-transferring, reemployed and unemployed persons and special groups, and support the development of vocational education for people with disabilities.
The state shall guarantee women’s equal right to receive vocational education.
Article 11 In implementing vocational education, education standards or training programs shall be formulated based on job classification, occupational standards, and career development requirements to meet the needs of economic and social development. A certification system shall be in place, which confers academic diploma and other school certificates, training certificates, vocational qualification certificates and vocational skill level certificates.
The state practices a system whereby workers shall receive necessary vocational education prior to employment or job assignment.
Article 12 The state shall adopt measures to improve the social status and treatment of people with advanced technical skills, in an effort to build a society that respects hard work, skills, and creativity.
The state commends and awards organizations and individuals that have made outstanding achievements in promoting vocational education in accordance with relevant provisions.
The second week of May every year shall be recognized as the Vocational Education Week.
Article 13 The state shall encourage international exchanges and cooperation on vocational education, support introduction of high-quality overseas resources for the development of vocational education, encourage vocational education institutions with viable conditions to provide education overseas, and support mutual recognition of vocational education learning results in various forms.
Chapter II Vocational Education System
Article 14 The state puts in place a sound modern vocational education system that meets the needs of economic and social development, engages programs with businesses, puts equal emphasis on both school-based vocational education and vocational training, integrates vocational education with general education, coordinates different levels of vocational education, and serves lifelong learning of all people.
The state shall improve the educational structure, balance educational resources, and advance the coordinated development of vocational education and general education at different stages after the completion of compulsory education based on local conditions.
Article 15 School-based vocational education shall be divided into secondary and higher school-based vocational education.
Secondary school-based vocational education shall be provided by secondary vocational schools (including technical schools) at the level of senior secondary education.
Higher school-based vocational education shall be provided by higher vocational schools and regular higher education institutions at or above the junior college level and the undergraduate education level.
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